Fashion of the Elizabethan Era free essay sample

This is appeared in men’s and women’s garments, shoes, caps, and embellishments in the sixteenth and seventeenth hundreds of years. (Whitmore, Deanne) In the 1500’s men’s apparel was commonly dark in shading since it went with all the fixings and was the â€Å"in† shading. Silk doublets and velvet mantles with sliced and puffed sleeves were what your normal man would wear up top. For pants, leggings were still in style yet breeches were starting to get well known. The eminence and high society would for the most part wear a similar style of apparel as the white collar class however with more pleasant material. The lower class individuals would wear whatever they could discover. Men’s shoes likewise changed during this time. (Head over Heels 1500s) Men’s shoes in the Elizabethan period went from being overwhelming and cumbersome to being light and humble. For instance, the heelless eschapin came into style. These shoes were nearly equivalent to women’s shoes, yet barring the heel. They were generally made of fine calfskin and secured with strips and decorations. The lower class would not generally wear shoes in light of the fact that each pair must be high quality and were regularly over the top expensive. Much like the shoes, men’s caps in the 1500’s were radical contrasted with those of the earlier hundreds of years. Head over Heels 1500s) During the mid sixteenth century, men’s caps were level, silk or velvet sections sitting on the head, however by the center of the century they reformed into monstrous caps that resembled crowns on people’s heads. Caps were tall and brightened with quills and colorful. Additional frill were likewise very well known to wear during the timeframe. (Britain Fashion during the Elizabethan Age) The frill men wore in the 1500’s were commonly a jerkin and unsettles worn over a doublet. Jerkins are normally made of thick cowhide for additional security. The following trimming men would wear is the ruff. The ruff is a neckline that sticks out eight inches and is firm from starch. It made the men that wore them look like mutts with cones on. Ladies wore these as well, yet they didn’t wear them long in light of the fact that they didn’t very catch on with ladies. They indicated a lot of their necks. Women’s designs were exceptionally preservationist, just permitting the appearing of their face and hands. (Chap, Kashmira) Women in the early Elizabethan time normally wore a kirtle with a fitted bodice and underskirts. The kirtle is a gown that is fitted at the top, and afterward opens up at the base. It has a cut in the front, beginning just beneath the fitted part, demonstrating the underskirts underneath. Underneath the fitted part they would wear an undergarment to make them look skinner. The skirts they wore under them were called underskirts. Slips are additional skirts that give the wearer a more hourglass figure. For more extravagant individuals, the farthingale was in style, an underskirt that was exceptionally close in the middle and came into a circle at the midriff. Ladies would wear gigantic outfits over these with what resembled wings standing out their backs incorporated with the outfit. They would wear humble shoes with these too. Fellow, Kashmira) Shoes for ladies in the sixteenth century were fundamentally the same as mens. They were frequently made of fine calfskin or, in the event that the woman was well off, at that point silk velvet or brocade. They had loads of embellishments on them, particularly cutting and puffing, since that was the subject of the time, yet at times strips and different beautifications were added to them also. A specific overshoe was likewise exceptionally famous during the time, the chopine. The chopine was worn over a modest shoe to give the lady stature with its foundation sole. It kept the great shoe from getting filthy. They were in the end restricted in certain spots since ladies could fall while strolling in them. Women’s caps in the 1500’s were, notwithstanding, altogether different than mens. (Head over heels 1500s) The caps ladies wore in the period were different. They would now and again simply be wraps, however different occasions, they would be tremendous things sitting on the head. One of the littler head decorations they would wear was the bended French hood. It resembled a hood that was tumbling off of the rear of someone’s head. Another littler head covering was the peak hood. It was pentagon molded, vigorously treated scarf worn on a woman’s head. They would once in a while use wire encircling inside the scarf which was exceptionally improving. Perhaps the greatest cap ladies wore in the sixteenth century was the horned hat. This was a genuinely incredible creation. It had two augmentations, one to each side of the head, reaching out to each shoulder. Hanging off the expansions was a type of sheer material normally embellished with gems. For ladies embellishments weren’t conspicuous in the start of the century since Britain was as yet an individual from the Catholic Church, which restricted gems, yet when the nation split away from the congregation and the boycott was lifted. Towards the century's end, ladies started to wear the incidental strand of pearls or a little accessory with jewels in it. Moving toward the seventeenth century, the gems women would wear turned out to be increasingly indulgent. (Fellow, Kashmira) When the seventeenth century showed up, the illumination was going all out. This caused new mens designs to come into style. Underskirt breeches were the new thing for men during the 1600s. They were breeches that puffed out at the waistline, making the man wearing them seem as though his gut was the place his waist should be. Underneath this piece of clothing they would wear â€Å"flattering and whimsical hose to emphasize their shapely legs†. This sort of outfit was for the most part connected with rich individuals of the time. Long shrouds were entirely in vogue during the time too. They were generally worn with a typical shirt during the time, breeches for pants, and a cross and chain to integrate everything. Mens shoes of the 1600s were likewise totally different from the earlier century. (Head over Heels 1600s) Shoes men wore in the late Elizabethan time were typically siphons with adjusted toes that surfaced to the lower leg. They for the most part had a little calfskin heel and were regularly embellished with cuts and puffs. Boots likewise became famous due to a royal’s fixation on them. Another illustrious, King Louis XIV wanted to wear high heels with red soles and red heels got in vogue after Louis XIV of France supported the style. The style was not all that well known in France, in light of the fact that there was strain developing against the lord, however it moved into different nations, similar to Britain and got in vogue. Men’s caps during the 1600s were the main things that turned out to be less radical. (Christmon, Charlene) Men began to wear caps that were littler again in the seventeenth century. They added tufts to the side of them to make them look prettier. They would likewise in some cases put plumes of ostriches or other uncommon winged animals in favor of them also to flaunt their riches. The materials they utilized for caps were felt, wire, the crest or quill, and another generally increasingly costly fabric. The cap creator would make a wire outline for the cap, at that point stick looked about it, next he would cover the outside in the costly material. After that he would sew the cap band, lastly he would join the tuft. He would fit each cap he made to the individual who it was for. Like caps, men’s frill changed in the during the 1600s. (Britain Fashion during the Elizabethan Age) The adjustments in male frill in the seventeenth century started with the neckline or ruff. The ruff was thrown out, and was supplanted with another kind of neckline. It is only a more drawn out adaptation of today’s neckline, a similar length as the ruff, yet it doesn’t have the starch and wire bolsters. Men additionally started to haul short perfumed gloves around during the timeframe, just in the event that there was a requirement for them en route. Women’s design likewise experiences some gigantic changes during the late Elizabethan period. (Head over Heels 1600s) Women’s dresses begin to be made out of lighter material so they are intensely weaved to cause them to seem more extravagant. The backs and sleeves of outfits become fitted as opposed to being puffed and sliced. The neck areas on them likewise turned into a tad lower and rich ladies have trim around them. In women’s underclothes, the support was presented, and the farthingale was as yet trendy. There was another creation in collars, the partlet. The partlet is a neckline that scrunches up and is fitted as far as possible up the neck, it looks truly awkward. Women’s shoes went from looking a ton like men’s to their very own look during the 1600s. Christmon, Charlene) Women’s shoes of the seventeenth century were weaved in silk, glossy silk, and velvet. They were additionally cut with trim that fell in an enormous ruffle over the shoe. The shoes and overshoes of the 1600s formed into heels that would for the most part measure around six inches. The he el would be made of either wood or cowhide and would be painted to coordinate the ensemble. Chopines were still in style too during that timeframe also. Women’s caps and headgear additionally changed in the century. (Head over Heels 1600s) In the seventeenth century, top covers as a rule supplanted caps in a large portion of Europe and in the newfound Americas. One sort of top was the coif, a tight top that secured the top, back, and sides of the head. Prior ones were normally made of white material and tied underneath the jaw. As the century passed by, an ever increasing number of ladies had them brightened with weaving and trim edgings. Another kind of top was the wrapped head material. This sort of wrap was solely for lower classes. It was a turban-like game plan of cloth on their heads. The lower class didn’t have cash to squander on caps, so they just took old materials and enclosed them on their heads by a specific design. The Mary Stuart top, beginning from Scotland, got mainstream during the 1600s too. It

Sniper Attacks essays

Expert sharpshooter Attacks articles Since the start of October until the finish of October a sharpshooter has been going wild in the Washington zone slaughtering blameless and clueless individuals. This man or now as we probably am aware, men, were shrewd or maybe smart is a superior word. They did a generally excellent activity on not getting captured until the end when they got imprudent. Tragically enough it has caused numerous families bunches of distress including the expert marksmen families. The expert marksman of the Washington zone carried out criminal acts since the start of October, and now it is finished, fortunately before any longer individuals were murdered. On October 4, 2002 in Silver Springs, Maryland, the law requirement operators went on the quest for a marksman who the police accept to have haphazardly picked 5 individuals to execute. Every individual slaughtered with a solitary shot. The casualties were a cab driver at a corner store, a gardener cutting the grass, a lady at a mail station, another lady who was vacuuming out her vehicle, and the latter was in a parking garage. On Friday, Police Chief, Charles Moose stated, Theres still no data to lead us to think our casualties are related, they dont have all the earmarks of being anyones adversaries, simply irregular targets. About 7:45 on Thursday morning James L. Buchanan, 39, of Arlington Virginia, was the first of the people in question. He was cutting grass at a vehicle sales center in the White Flint territory. The following casualty was 8:15 a.m. on a similar morning. About a half-hour later Sarah Ramos was killed. The killings carried the quantity of crime to 25 this year, in the Montgomery County. The last time the same number of individuals were killed in one day in the region was in July 1995, when a handymans right hand killed podiatrist David Marc Goff, his three little girls and a contractual worker at Goffs home in Potomac. On October 6, 2002 a multi year elderly person was shot in the back in Michaels create store parking garage. No capture had been made in the shootings that started Wednesd ... <!

16 of the Best Books About Immigration and The Immigrant Experience

16 of the Best Books About Immigration and The Immigrant Experience This list of books about immigration and immigrants is sponsored by Flatiron Books. Fifteen-year-old Ana Cancion never dreamed of moving to America. But when Juan Ruiz proposes and promises to take her to New York City, she has to say yes. It doesn’t matter that he is twice her age, that there is no love between them. Their marriage is an opportunity for her entire close-knit family to eventually immigrate from the Dominican. So in 1965, Ana leaves behind everything she knows and becomes Ana Ruiz. In bright, musical prose, Angie Cruzs Dominicana is a portrait of the immigrant experience and the timeless coming-of-age story of a young woman finding her voice. The story of the stranger in search of shelter, safety, and community is one of the oldest in history and also one that is constantly evolving. Here are 16 incredible books about immigration and immigrants: heart-wrenching tales of families divided, stories of leaving everything behind in hopes of something better, accounts of dreams deferred until the next generation, reflections on identities rooted in two distinctly different cultures, and the universal search for a new self in the unknown. The best books about immigration and immigrants 1. Exit West: A Novel by Mohsin Hamid I tell anyone who will listen that this is one of the best books I’ve read in my entire life. Exit West is a lyrical, heart-breaking, deeply moving reflection on migration, love, and xenophobia. Nadia and Saeed are two very different people thrown together in a perilous time. They must navigate leaving a war-torn country and tending to their fledging love as they migrate to country after country in search of the elusive new and better life. This book will leave you both wrecked and full to the brim. 2. The Good Immigrant: 26 Writers Reflect on America Edited by Nikesh Shukla and Chimene Suleyman The Good Immigrant is so urgently necessary right now; it is a head-on account of the modern immigration in America. Twenty-six authors (including Chigozie Obioma, Alexander Chee, Fatimah Asghar, and others) share their stories of immigration in the United States. The authors of  The Good Immigrant  give a voice to the varied and complicated realities facing so many across the country. 3. Home Fire: A Novel by Kamila Shamsie Home Fire is the story of Isma, a young British Pakistani woman who has served as the matriarch of her family since her mother’s death. Isma is offered an opportunity to leave England for the U.S., but even as she escapes, she and her siblings must contend with their father’s troubled past as well as the ramifications of a new man in their collective lives. A brilliantly written and totally unexpected book. 4. Unaccompanied by Javier Zamora Sometimes poetry is able to convey depth and rawness of emotion in ways that prose simply cannot. Such is the case with Javier Zamora’s Unaccompanied, which is his reflection on his own immigration story of crossing the border alone to meet his parents in the U.S. at the age of 9. Zamora’s work is stunning and this book is a must-read. 5. Call Me American: A Memoir by Abdi Nor Iftin Abdi Nor Iftins reporting on a radicalized Somalia in the mid-2000s gained him international notoriety, but also forced him to flee his homeland and leave his family behind. After a childhood spent idolizing American culture, Iftin faced the adult reality of trying to gain access to the country as an asylum seeker. His memoir explores his own experience of the Somali Civil War and his incredible journey to establishing a new and different life in America. 6. Things Are Good Now by  Djamila Ibrahim I stumbled upon this beautiful book while at a book fair in South Africa and Im so glad I did.  Things Are Good Now follows migrant women in cities across the world as they sort out their new lives in foreign lands. The book explores the profound sacrifices they must make to achieve those lives and what remains when they do. A fantastic read. 7. Refuge: A Novel by Dina Nayeri What if, in the 20 years since you migrated from your home in Iran, you only got to see your father four times? How would your lives be different? Would that time apart transform you both? How would the years alter how you view home and heritage? Refuge explores these questions through the story of one Iranian woman who immigrated to the United States as a child. 8. The Refugees by Viet Thanh Nguyen In my opinion, Viet Thanh Nguyen is one of the most compelling contemporary writers addressing the themes of migration and the dual cultural identity it creates. The Refugees is a collection of stories that spans two decades and toggles between Vietnam and America. If you love this book, try  Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives, a collection of essays written by 17 refugee writers and edited by Viet Thanh Nguyen. 9. The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir by Thi Bui Cartoonist and writer Thi Bui starts her illustrated memoir at the beginning: the birth of her son. What follows is a reflection on her own childhood as the daughter of Vietnamese immigrants, held up in the light of new parenthood. She recounts the many sacrifices (large and small) her parents made for the benefit of her and her siblings and contemplates what love and family really mean. 10. Front Desk by Kelly Yang Mia Tang is a young girl who manages the front desk at her home, Calivista Motel, where her parents also clean the rooms and hide undocumented immigrants. She also wants to be a writer, even though her mother has doubts about English not being her first language. This lovely middle grades book follows Mia as she wrestles with the issues surrounding her familys immigration status and as she discovers how to accomplish her own dreams. 11. The Only Road by Alexandra Diaz In the first of two companion books by Alexandra Diaz, Jaime, a young Guatemalan boy, must leave the dangerous circumstances in his home country behind and start the treacherous journey to the United States. Jaime’s story echoes the violent realities facing hundreds of thousands of immigrants across the globe every day. 12. Other Words for Home by Jasmine Warga This is a middle grade book focused on Jude, a young girl who immigrates with her mother from Syria to America. Jude navigates the strange newness of a new school, learning a new culture, and establishing a home and identity for herself in Cincinnati. 13. The Day You Begin by Jacqueline Woodson, Illustrated by Rafael López Though not exclusively about immigrants, The Day You Begin reminds children of all backgrounds to love themselves, even when they think they are the exception amongst their peers. The Day You Begin encourages children to embrace the ways in which they are distinct and unique, no matter how they look, how they talk, or where they’re from. Not only is this book told with rich, stunning illustrations, it is also available in Spanish and English! 14. From North to South/Del Norte al Sur by René Laínez, Illustrated by   Joe Cepeda René Laínez’s touching picture book  From North to South  focuses on one Mexican American family whose matriarch is deported. The story pivots around the insecurity and strain deportations place on families, especially children, and does so with aplomb. The text is written in Spanish and English and can help begin a dialogue with children facing the uncertainty of parental deportations. 15. A Different Pond by Bao Phi, Illustrated by  Thi Bui I love love love this beautiful picture book, which is told from the perspective of a young son of a Vietnamese immigrant. The father and son venture out one day on a fishing trip, where the father tells the story of another pond all the way back in Vietnam. At one point, the young boy reflects, “A kid at my school said my dad’s English sounds like a thick, dirty river. But to me his English sounds like a gentle rain.” A Different Pond engages beautifully with the themes so many children of immigrants have to wrestle with, specifically loving the differences embodied in their parents and their heritage. 16. Two White Rabbits by Jairo Buitrago, Illustrated by   Rafael Yockteng, Translated by Elisa Amado Two White Rabbits uses beautiful, subtle drawings to tell the story of a father and a daughter migrating from Central America to the United States. While there may be triggers for children who’ve had similar migration stories, it is critical reading for non-immigrant children and adults while we seek to empathize with our fellow human beings facing grave danger as they seek out a better life. What other books about immigration have captured your heart or pushed your thinking? Share your favorites with us on Twitter!

marketing case Essay - 1501 Words

Introduction: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pfizer Inc. is a research-based diversified health care company with operations around the globe. Pfizer Inc. has three main business groups. They include the Consumer Health Care Group, U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, and the Pfizer Animal Health Products Segment. For purposes of this case, we will discuss the Animal Health Products Group, where in 1998, accounted for twelve percent of the company’s revenues. Industry Background: The process for making beef begins with the ranchers breeding and raising cattle, in order to sell them to feedlots. The ranchers’ goals are to minimize death of the cattle, to breed low birth weight calves, to produce grade A choice beef, and lastly to produce calves†¦show more content†¦market. In turn, since the U.S. dollar was stronger than the Mexican peso and the Canadian dollar, it became less expensive for the U.S. to import these products instead of purchasing the beef within the U.S.. Pfizer Animal Health Products, Inc. Pfizer Animal Health products are sold to veterinarians and animal health distributors in more than 140 countries around the globe. The products are used by livestock producers, horse and pet owners, and on more than 30 animal species. Furthermore, the Animal Health Group is dedicated to providing high-quality health-care animal products. To accomplish this, they invest over $4.7 billion annually in their Research amp; Development department, higher than anyone else in the industry, allowing them to constantly introduce innovative animal health products. Moreover, the company provides technical support for ranchers for any kind of health related issue. The technical support department works with local veterinarians in order to assist ranchers. This technical support is very vital because the ranchers are not just sold products; they actually receive continuous customer service and support. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The company’s diversified and abundant product line includes vaccines, medications, antibiotics, de-wormers, etc. Their Dectomax Pour-On de-wormer has been recommended by eighty-four percent of veterinarians. This is due to the fact that it is a timeShow MoreRelatedMarketing Case869 Words   |  4 PagesFIN-1103: Principles of Marketing Assignment Details Dear students, this document will give you the detail idea about your module assignment. This assignment consist two parts i.e. one write up and a presentation. First we discuss about the write up’s outline then about the presentation. Well, let’s see†¦. The write up: As you know, marketing mainly deals with the value of the product. We have to add superior value to our product to capture the customer base. All the participant of the market makesRead MoreMarketing Case Study1338 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic Marketing Case Study New Directions Plc. Introduction: The case is based on the growth and decline of a high street fashion chain founded in the late 1950 s having a extensive distribution network (490stores) within Britain. It refers to the developments changes taken place during a period of 13years where the company has gone through an acquisition and change of Management after 9years of explosive growth within the industry. Whereas it is understandable that the Company shouldRead MoreTide Marketing Case2581 Words   |  11 PagesDe La Salle University Ramon V. Del Rosario College of Business A CASE STUDY ON PROCTER amp; GAMBLE’S TIDE In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements in Marketing Management (MKT511M) XR0526 06:00 – 09:00 P.M. Submitted to: Dr. Antonio V. Concepcion Submitted by: Bernal, Jhon Leonard Mercaldo, Monina Pereira, Michael Sy, Cariza Ventura, Vernon 05 June 2013 Table of Contents I. Introduction.†¦..†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 II. Statement of the ProblemRead MoreMarketing - Aqualisa Case1110 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Case 2  : Aqualisa Quartz  : Simply a better shower 1. Executive summary Aqualisa launched an innovative shower in 2001, called the Quartz shower but the success wasn’t immediate. At present, the most important goal for Aqualisa company is to increase its new showers in terms of units and profit. But the main impediment is the lack of awareness about this brand from consumers and the reluctance from plumbers about adopting this shower. InRead MoreMarketing - Bionade Case2627 Words   |  11 PagesThis decision gave BIONADE the last impulse to conquer the alternative milieu and still appeal to families. The design being quite simple has a high recognition factor and represents BIONADE s unique image. BIONADE was originally distributed in cases of 24 bottles (see attachment A6); now the packaging was extended to 6-packs to allow easy transport (see attachment A5). Labelling BIONADE experienced many difficulties in the phase of launching the product since government officials first had toRead MoreCase Unilever - Marketing3159 Words   |  13 PagesMGT 6170-Marketing, Unilever in Brazil Case Study Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 2 1.1. 2. Aim of the report .................................................................................................. 2 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON PURCHASE OF DETERGENTS IN BRAZIL ................. 2 2.1. 2.2. Consumer decision Process .........................................................Read MoreMarketing Case Study9790 Words   |  40 Pagesï » ¿Case 1-1 Discussion Questions 1. Anheuser-Busch, which has been described as â€Å"an American icon,† is now under the ownership of a company based in Belgium.. Responding to reports that some consumers planned to boycott Bud products to protest the deal, one industry observer said, â€Å"Brand nationality is all about where it was born, and also the ingredients of that beer and how they make the beer: Basically, it doesn’t matter who owns it. We are in a global world right now†. Do you agree? StudentsRead MoreMarketing Case Analysis2536 Words   |  11 PagesPrinciples of Marketing Group 6 Section 5 Professor Bruce Wilson Case 12 Paper Products, Inc. Group Case 1 Prepared by: Vaccarezza, Andrew M Jiang, Benson X Longcrier, Emily N Benson, Brooke E Kalachik, Tatyana Konkel, Meghanne B Lay, Tiffanie N Skinner, David March 21, 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Executive Summary 1 Major Relevant Issues 2 Central Problem 2 Implications 3 Alternative Solutions 4 Recommended Solution 5 Introduction For this case studyRead MoreMarketing Effectiveness Case Study1730 Words   |  7 PagesPlan measurement of marketing effectiveness Assessment Task 2: Case study Part A: Identify and analyse measurement of marketing effectiveness: 1. Summarise the above case study to determine the organisational business requirements and campaign’s benefits. Organisational business requirements: - The organisation s vision, goals, objectives and priorities: The organisation vision must be clear and easy to understand to all personnel so that it is easy to understand to every one working in theRead MoreMarketing Case Studies1084 Words   |  5 PagesText: Marketing Managment Chapter 4: Conducting Marketing Research Topic: Market Research; Measuring Market Productivity; Return on Investment Learning Objectives: 1. What constitutes good marketing research? 2. What are the best metrics for measuring marketing productivity? 3. How can marketers assess their return on investment of marketing expenditures? Video Title: Dunkin’ Donuts Link: http://windowsmedia.pearsoncmg.com/ph/bp/bp_video_library/dunkin.wvx Synopsis This

Essay on Raising Minimum Wage Increases Unemployment

â€Å"Of course, nothing helps families make ends meet like higher wages. †¦ And to everyone in this Congress who still refuses to raise the minimum wage, I say this: If you truly believe you could work full-time and support a family on less than $15,000 a year, go try it. If not, vote to give millions of the hardest-working people in America a raise.† -–President Obama, State of the Union address, Jan. 20, 2015 President Barack Obama is renewing his call to raise the minimum wage to $10.10. During a speech at a manufacturing plant, President Obama proclaimed, We should be raising the minimum wage to make sure that more workers who have been working full-time shouldnt be living in poverty.... He also called for a wage increase for tipped†¦show more content†¦This means that all tips are placed in a â€Å"pool† that is then distributed amongst each staff member at the end of the shift. Also, restaurants have to pay credit card processing fees. Some restaurants will take a small percentage out of the waiter’s tip to balance out these fees. The waiter still gets a high percentage of the tip but out of that $20 tip, the waitress may only get between $5 and $10 out of it. There are many things that alter a tip worker’s paycheck. A simple wage increase could make a huge difference in how much money they take home each week. Tip workers produce more than what they are paid for, which leads into the minimum wage effects on production. However, regular should not get a pay increase. Employers will have to pay workers more money for the same job, price adjustments will be made to accommodate the wage increases. Employees will be expected to produce more. For jobs that already require a lot of work, this could be very troublesome. Wages have an effect on production. For any job, an increase in pay means the job performance and contributions outweigh the current salary. If employers do not feel as though the increase is warranted, they may expect more from their employees. Also, employees will be fired faster because employers may feel as though workers are being overly compensated for their jobs. Some companies may also retaliate against the wage increases byShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Raising Minimum Wage1088 Words   |  5 PagesBrendan Mason Mrs. Scruggs 08/07/15 Raising minimum Wage There is always talk about the problems of North Carolina’s economy, and these problems then become publicized and put throughout the media, informing people on the condition of their state’s economy. A popular topic lately is the state’s minimum wage, and whether it should be raised or if we should keep the current minimum wage. Usually, opinions vary on what to do about minimum wage, however there certainly seems to be a larger group ofRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Effects of Raising Minimum Wage805 Words   |  4 Pagesincome. Many people’s income relies on minimum wage. In 2012, 3.6 million people received an hourly pay at or below minimum wage. There is an ongoing debate in government as to what the minimum wage should be. Stuck at $7.25, Obama has suggested raising the minimum wage to $9.00. Depending on a person’s perspective, raising minimum wage could be positive or negative. Minimum wage has the ability to change lives, and change t he economy. Small businesses and unemployment, teenage demographics, and the costRead MoreThe Effect of Minimum Wage on the American Economy800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Minimum Wage on the American Economy A sensitive topic for many Americans is their income. Many people’s income relies on minimum wage. In 2012, 3.6 million people received an hourly pay at or below the national minimum wage. There is an ongoing debate in Congress as to what the national minimum wage should be. Currently at $7.25, Obama has suggested raising the national minimum wage to $9.00. Depending on a person’s economic perspective, raising minimum wage could be positive or negativeRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised?870 Words   |  4 PagesShould Minimum Wage Be Raised? Minimum wage has always been a controversial issue. Many politicians use the argument of minimum wage for their own political propaganda. Some may argue minimum wage should be raised, while others believe it will have detrimental effects on our economy if it is raised. Surprising to most people, minimum wage earners make up only a small percent of American workers. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, minimum wage workers make up about 2.8% of all workersRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?1575 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of raising the minimum wage from $7.25 to $15 an hour is a heavily debated topic. Both sources against or in favor of the minimum wage refer to a â€Å"growing gap† between low-income workers and high-income earners. Sources against the minimum wage believe raising it will increase this gap, whereas those in favor of the minimum wage believe it will decrease this gap. The arguments in favor of the minimum wage rely mostly on ethical beliefs, such a s â€Å"pay should reflect hard work,† to advanceRead MoreMinimum Wage During The Great Depression1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Minimum Wage Battle In the United States, the minimum wage was passed during the Great Depression in 1938 to protect the buying power of normal workers in a period in which the â€Å"unemployment rate was still a very high 19 percent† (Sklar, 2009, p. 1). Since that time, there has been significant debate about the controversial topic of raising the federal minimum wage. The federal minimum wage law was created to eliminate unfair practices of sweat shops and manufacturing companies during this timeRead MoreMinimum Wage and the American Dream1258 Words   |  6 PagesAchieving the American Dream while earning minimum wage may take a person longer but it is still attainable. Through higher education or hard work individuals can achieve a higher standard of living. What is minimum wage? Minimum wage is the lowest hourly rate (dollars per hour) that employers can pay their employees. According to minimumwage.com Minnesota’s minnimum wage is $7.25 per hour but will be getting raised to $9.00 per hour. Minnesota’s minimum wage is a common rate among many states suchRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised910 Words   |  4 Pagesmaximize the American Dream on the minimum wage† (Benjamin Todd Jealous). In 1938, minimum wage was created by the federal government in order to protect workers by ensuring a minimum of twenty-five cents per hour worked. Though President Roosevelt had the right idea in protecting the workforce, something needs to be done to ensure that Americans are getting a reasonable amount of money for the amount of hours they have worked. As Benjamin Todd Jealous stated, minimum wage is not enough for the averageRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Legal1239 Words   |  5 PagesLisa Valk Kristoffer Martin English Composition Raise Minimum Wage There is not one state in the US where a minimum wage worker can afford a two-bedroom unit at fair market rent, working a standard 40-hour work week(There are a few states where this is not true. Also, the fair market rent is the average cost. It doesn t reflect the super expensive and bottom rent places). The federal minimum wage would be $10.86 [per hour] if it had kept up with inflation over the past 40 years. Instead, it isRead MoreMinimum Wage : Low Skilled And Young Workers1553 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Minimum wage, a program created to help the poor, has every contrary effect to its well intentions. Throughout the history, people who hurt the most during minimum wage hikes are the low-skilled and young workers. Drastically raising minimum wage is meaningless as high inflation usually comes alongside with wage increases. Past economic statistics have shown that the rate of increase in inflation usually outpaced the rate of increase in minimum wage. Thus, the real value wage workers receive

Deception Point Page 12 Free Essays

Rachel closed her eyes as the plane rocketed skyward. She wondered where she had gone wrong this morning. She was supposed to be at a desk writing gists. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 12 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now she was straddling a testosterone-fueled torpedo and breathing through an oxygen mask. By the time the Tomcat leveled out at forty-five thousand feet, Rachel was feeling queasy. She willed herself to focus her thoughts elsewhere. Gazing down at the ocean nine miles below, Rachel felt suddenly far from home. Up front, the pilot was talking to someone on the radio. When the conversation ended, the pilot hung up the radio, and immediately banked the Tomcat sharply left. The plane tipped almost to the vertical, and Rachel felt her stomach do a somersault. Finally, the plane leveled out again. Rachel groaned. â€Å"Thanks for the warning, hotshot.† â€Å"I’m sorry, ma’am, but I’ve just been given the classified coordinates of your meeting with the administrator.† â€Å"Let me guess,† Rachel said. â€Å"Due north?† The pilot seemed confused. â€Å"How did you know that!† Rachel sighed. You gotta love these computer-trained pilots. â€Å"It’s nine A.M., sport, and the sun is on our right. We’re flying north.† There was a moment of silence from the cockpit. â€Å"Yes, ma’am, we’ll be traveling north this morning.† â€Å"And how far north are we going?† The pilot checked the coordinates. â€Å"Approximately three thousand miles.† Rachel sat bolt upright. â€Å"What!† She tried to picture a map, unable even to imagine what was that far north. â€Å"That’s a four-hour flight!† â€Å"At our current speed, yes,† the pilot said. â€Å"Hold on, please.† Before Rachel could respond, the man retracted the F-14’s wings into low-drag position. An instant later, Rachel felt herself slammed into her seat yet again as the plane shot forward as though it had been standing still. Within a minute they were cruising at almost 1,500 miles per hour. Rachel was feeling dizzy now. As the sky tore by with blinding speed, she felt an uncontrollable wave of nausea hit her. The President’s voice echoed faintly. I assure you, Rachel, you will not regret assisting me in this matter. Groaning, Rachel reached for her hack sack. Never trust a politician. 13 Although he disliked the menial filth of public taxis, Senator Sedgewick Sexton had learned to endure the occasional demeaning moment along his road to glory. The grungy Mayflower cab that had just deposited him in the lower parking garage of the Purdue Hotel afforded Sexton something his stretch limousine could not-anonymity. He was pleased to find this lower level deserted, only a few dusty cars dotting a forest of cement pillars. As he made his way diagonally across the garage on foot, Sexton glanced at his watch. 11:15 A.M. Perfect. The man with whom Sexton was meeting was always touchy about punctuality. Then again, Sexton reminded himself, considering who the man represented, he could be touchy about any damned thing he wanted. Sexton saw the white Ford Windstar minivan parked in exactly the same spot as it had been for every one of their meetings – in the eastern corner of the garage, behind a row of trash bins. Sexton would have preferred to meet this man in a suite upstairs, but he certainly understood the precautions. This man’s friends had not gotten to where they were by being careless. As Sexton moved toward the van, he felt the familiar edginess that he always experienced before these encounters. Forcing himself to relax his shoulders, he climbed into the passenger’s seat with a cheery wave. The dark-haired gentleman in the driver’s seat did not smile. The man was almost seventy years old, but his leathery complexion exuded a toughness appropriate to his post as figurehead of an army of brazen visionaries and ruthless entrepreneurs. â€Å"Close the door,† the man said, his voice callous. Sexton obeyed, tolerating the man’s gruffness graciously. After all, this man represented men who controlled enormous sums of money, much of which had been pooled recently to poise Sedgewick Sexton on the threshold of the most powerful office in the world. These meetings, Sexton had come to understand, were less strategy sessions than they were monthly reminders of just how beholden the senator had become to his benefactors. These men were expecting a serious return on their investment. The â€Å"return,† Sexton had to admit, was a shockingly bold demand; and yet, almost more incredibly, it was something that would be within Sexton’s sphere of influence once he took the Oval Office. â€Å"I assume,† Sexton said, having learned how this man liked to get down to business, â€Å"that another installment has been made?† â€Å"It has. And as usual, you are to use these funds solely for your campaign. We have been pleased to see the polls shifting consistently in your favor, and it appears your campaign managers have been spending our money effectively.† â€Å"We’re gaining fast.† â€Å"As I mentioned to you on the phone,† the old man said, â€Å"I have persuaded six more to meet with you tonight.† â€Å"Excellent.† Sexton had blocked off the time already. The old man handed Sexton a folder. â€Å"Here is their information. Study it. They want to know you understand their concerns specifically. They want to know you are sympathetic. I suggest you meet them at your residence.† â€Å"My home? But I usually meet-â€Å" â€Å"Senator, these six men run companies that possess resources well in excess of the others you have met. These men are the big fish, and they are wary. They have more to gain and therefore more to lose. I’ve worked hard to persuade them to meet with you. They will require special handling. A personal touch.† Sexton gave a quick nod. â€Å"Absolutely. I can arrange a meeting at my home.† â€Å"Of course, they will want total privacy.† â€Å"As will I.† â€Å"Good luck,† the old man said. â€Å"If tonight goes well, it could be your last meeting. These men alone can provide what is needed to push the Sexton campaign over the top.† Sexton liked the sound of that. He gave the old man a confident smile. â€Å"With luck, my friend, come election time, we will all claim victory.† â€Å"Victory?† The old man scowled, leaning toward Sexton with ominous eyes. â€Å"Putting you in the White House is only the first step toward victory, senator. I assume you have not forgotten that.† 14 The White House is one of the smallest presidential mansions in the world, measuring only 170 feet in length, 85 feet in depth, and sitting on a mere 18 acres of landscaped grounds. Architect James Hoban’s plan for a box-like stone structure with a hipped roof, balustrade, and columnar entrance, though clearly unoriginal, was selected from the open design contest by judges who praised it as â€Å"attractive, dignified, and flexible.† President Zach Herney, even after three and a half years in the White House, seldom felt at home here among the maze of chandeliers, antiques, and armed Marines. At the moment, however, as he strode toward the West Wing, he felt invigorated and oddly at ease, his feet almost weightless on the plush carpeting. Several members of the White House staff looked up as the President approached. Herney waved and greeted each by name. Their responses, though polite, were subdued and accompanied by forced smiles. â€Å"Good morning, Mr. President.† â€Å"Nice to see you, Mr. President.† â€Å"Good day, sir.† As the President made his way toward his office, he sensed whisperings in his wake. There was an insurrection afoot inside the White House. For the past couple of weeks, the disillusionment at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue had been growing to a point where Herney was starting to feel like Captain Bligh-commanding a struggling ship whose crew was preparing for mutiny. How to cite Deception Point Page 12, Essay examples

Students Should Wear Uniform Essay Sample free essay sample

Attention Getter: how many people against to wear school uniform? Well this is the opportunity to alter the head. Harmonizing to school Uniform Awesome or Awful writer provinces that â€Å"Many experts insist that uniforms improve larning. Make schools safer. and even assist pupils experience happier. It’s no admiration that the figure of schools necessitating uniforms is turning ( Tarshis 2011 ) Motivation: Uniform could non merely to halt kids to compare each other’s but besides helped to decrees adolescent offense and assist them to concentrate on survey.Credibility: When I immigrant. I was happy I don’t have to have on the uniform. After two month I was tired of my life without the uniform. because I have to wake up early to fix myself. As the consequence. it gave me a negative influence on my learning ability and I would get down to judge others. The past experience taught me every school should maintain the uniform. We will write a custom essay sample on Students Should Wear Uniform Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Purpose: Students should have on the uniform. because it would give pupil positive attitude toward the school that â€Å"School is non the topographic point for manner. is the topographic point for learning† Preview:-Give my ain experience and why I am support to have on unvarying-Why the uniform is is the benefit for pupils to have on it A. decrease the seashore and judgementB. school safetyC. salvage more clipPassage [ We could dicuess more about what is the benefict for pupils to have on unvarying ] BodyI. Decrease the seashore that pupils want more apparels and JudgmentA. When pupils have oning uniform they don’t have to worry about how others would judge them by the manner they dress.B It is a bene tantrum for none affluent household to avoid more seashores on the expensive apparels. Adolescents are more easy to justice others. and have oning uniform could maintain off from the jobs C. Harmonizing to the article â€Å" Why the United Kingdom Can learn the UnitedStates About School Uniform the writer reference â€Å"When I’ve asked pupils why they still wear their uniform. they say they don’t like â€Å"contests† that begin between pupils about who has the latest and greatest point of vesture ( Kappan 2011 ) † . II. Wearing uniform could assist increase the school safety A. When pupils attend the school without the uniform. the alien could acquire more easy to snick into the school. School without the frock codification could do pupils safety gets lower.B. When adolescents have some accident outside of the campus. have oning the uniform could protect them. In other side. if teenager making offense outside of the school and it easier for the constabulary to catch. C. Harmonizing to A unvarying Look writer reference â€Å"School uniforms. Advocates have said. can take to improved subject and schoolroom behaviour. increased school attending. regard for instructors. better school public presentation. higher pupil self-esteem and assurance. lower vesture costs. publicity of group spirit. decrease in societal stratification. and lower rates of force and offense ( Yasmine 2006 ) † . III. Salvage more clip A. pupil do non necessitate to worry about how to dress about for the school.B. It profit on pupil that they could concentrate more on the school work. non on the manner they look.C. Harmonizing to School Uniforms: Awesome–Or Awful instructors told me they believe school uniforms help pupils concentrate on school and non each other’s apparels. Because everyone looks fundamentally the same. differences in economic position are non as blatant. Because pupils frock in uniforms. they’re reminded that their â€Å"job† is to be a pupil ( TARSHIS 2011 ) . † Decision: Drumhead: Students should merely concentrate on their survey and concentrate less on how to dress up in the school. Visual image of Future: Uniform would give pupils a immense lesson. because they would understand everyone is equal and they merely need to concentrate on analyzing and larning. Recommend Action: Think about this. Make you desire your child to travel to the school and get down to compare to others? Do you desire to pass a batch of money to purchase apparels because your kids think to purchase new apparels and have on them to do them looks cool? If you don’t desire this happen. pick the school that required to have oning unvarying. Refocus: Uniform would diminish of offense. and do pupils more focal point on the survey so why non back up to have on unvarying? Work citations Konheim-Kalkstein. Yasmine L. â€Å"A Uniform Look. † American School BoardJournal 193. 8 ( 2006 ) : 25-27. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan.2012.TARSHIS. LAUREN. â€Å"School Uniforms: Awesome–Or Awful? . † ScholasticScope 60. 5 ( 2011 ) : 22-23. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2012. Walmsley. Angela. â€Å"What The United Kingdom Can Teach The United StatesAbout School Uniforms. † Phi Delta Kappan 92. 6 ( 2011 ) : 63-66. AcademicSearch Premier. Web. 10 Jan. 2012.

Free Essays on Nagarjuna

NAGARJUNA Nagarjuna lived in the first to second century C.E. He was born into a brahmin family of Vidarbha (Beda) in South India. At his birth, astrologers foretold that he would die at a very tender age but that his life span could be extended for a maximum of seven years by making consecrated offerings to monastics (life in Buddah, page 344). Nagarjuna’s devout parents thus succeeded in lengthening the boy’s life span to the age of seven. But at that point, they were told that no amount of rituals could further prevent his death. Unable to bear the pain of watching their beloved son’s premature death, they sent him forth traveling with a trusted servant (life in Buddha page 413). On his travels in South India, the boy had a vision of the transcendental Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, who guided him to the gates of the famous monastic university of Nà ¢landà ¢. There, the renowned adept Saraha (also known as Rà ¢hulabhadra) learned of his story and recommended reciting the mantra of Buddha Amità ¢yus (â€Å"Long Life†) to extend his life span (total zen, page 27). On his eighth birthday, Saraha initiated the boy into the practice (sà ¢dhana) of Amità ¢yus, and thus he was the spared the fate predicted by the astrologers. Nagarjuna or Siddhipà ¢da, as the boy was known then, studied and practice vigorously and soon, under the protectorship of Buddha Manjushri, excelled in all branches of Buddhist learning. Later he was appointed as the abbot of Nà ¢landà ¢(life in Buddah, page 678). According to one legend, Siddhipà ¢da acquired the name Nagarjuna as follows. One day, a yogin who had been angered by monks of Vikramashà ®la, another famous Buddhist university of ancient India, set the monastery complex on fire by magical means. The smoke from the fire caused Mucilinda, the ruler of the serpent race, to fall seriously ill(life in buddah, page 680). The call went out for the land’s most knowledgeable healer to intervene, and Siddhip... Free Essays on Nagarjuna Free Essays on Nagarjuna NAGARJUNA Nagarjuna lived in the first to second century C.E. He was born into a brahmin family of Vidarbha (Beda) in South India. At his birth, astrologers foretold that he would die at a very tender age but that his life span could be extended for a maximum of seven years by making consecrated offerings to monastics (life in Buddah, page 344). Nagarjuna’s devout parents thus succeeded in lengthening the boy’s life span to the age of seven. But at that point, they were told that no amount of rituals could further prevent his death. Unable to bear the pain of watching their beloved son’s premature death, they sent him forth traveling with a trusted servant (life in Buddha page 413). On his travels in South India, the boy had a vision of the transcendental Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, who guided him to the gates of the famous monastic university of Nà ¢landà ¢. There, the renowned adept Saraha (also known as Rà ¢hulabhadra) learned of his story and recommended reciting the mantra of Buddha Amità ¢yus (â€Å"Long Life†) to extend his life span (total zen, page 27). On his eighth birthday, Saraha initiated the boy into the practice (sà ¢dhana) of Amità ¢yus, and thus he was the spared the fate predicted by the astrologers. Nagarjuna or Siddhipà ¢da, as the boy was known then, studied and practice vigorously and soon, under the protectorship of Buddha Manjushri, excelled in all branches of Buddhist learning. Later he was appointed as the abbot of Nà ¢landà ¢(life in Buddah, page 678). According to one legend, Siddhipà ¢da acquired the name Nagarjuna as follows. One day, a yogin who had been angered by monks of Vikramashà ®la, another famous Buddhist university of ancient India, set the monastery complex on fire by magical means. The smoke from the fire caused Mucilinda, the ruler of the serpent race, to fall seriously ill(life in buddah, page 680). The call went out for the land’s most knowledgeable healer to intervene, and Siddhip...

Learn How to Conjugate the French Verb Habiter (to Live)

Learn How to Conjugate the French Verb Habiter (to Live) French verb conjugator habiter Present Future Imperfect Present participle j habite habiterai habitais habitant tu habites habiteras habitais il habite habitera habitait nous habitons habiterons habitions vous habitez habiterez habitiez ils habitent habiteront habitaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle habit Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive j habite habiterais habitai habitasse tu habites habiterais habitas habitasses il habite habiterait habita habitt nous habitions habiterions habitmes habitassions vous habitiez habiteriez habittes habitassiez ils habitent habiteraient habitrent habitassent Imperative tu habite nous habitons vous habitez Verb conjugation patternHabiter  is a  regular -ER verb  that begins with  h  muet

Royal Chocolate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Royal Chocolate - Essay Example The inventory management system is required to be automated to make it more efficient and effective, so that reordering can be done at lower levels, thus saving cost of ordering and the inventory carrying costs. To satisfy the requirements of quick and fast communication, the company needs to upgrade its obsolete machines. As the company has purchased 10 new desktops, 5 of these should be provided to the 5 people working in the office. These people do not require notebooks since they do not move along often. The remaining 5 desktops should be installed at the plant site, so that plant management and employees can have access to the company's network. In order to produce reliable and accurate office documents quickly and efficiently, and to extract the full potential of office automation software, the company should purchase enterprise wide licenses of the latest Microsoft Office 2007 suite; which contains MS Word for documents generation and reporting, MS Excel for financial spreadsheets and numerical analysis, MS Power Point for presentation development, and MS Outlook to support emails. Royal Chocolates has a high volume of inter-office correspondence (assumption). An intranet email facility can eliminate most paper based communication. The system will provide instantaneous delivery, significantly reducing the time and manual record keeping overhead costs. The company is recommended to implement Exchange Server 2003 for better management of email system. One of the newly acquired servers should be used as email server. Appropriate software should be installed that include not only the exchange server software, but also email clients like MS Outlook, antivirus software and others. Intranet and Extranet To provide the necessary infrastructure for internal office correspondence, and email facility, the company should implement an intranet for communication between people in the office, and between office and plant. In addition, extranet needs to be developed to communicate with vendors and suppliers. The development of intranets and extranets is a part of e-business which can be said to include e-service, the provision of services and tasks online (Nelson, 2001). The extranet will allow the company to establish a VPN (Virtual Private Network) with the vendors, who

The Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of Sentiments Essay

The Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of Sentiments - Essay Example This paper illustrates that as is revealed by most publications and literature, the declaration was mostly drafted towards the expense of the more appropriate duties for women. This is because it came at a time when the temperance and property rights of women were the major reasons. In this relation, the government is expected to ensure the safety and happiness of all the people that it governs. Because of this, major changes are expected in relation to the running of the government from both in case such rights are not being upheld and provided by the government. Nonetheless, both Declarations agree that since human beings are destined to suffer evil, they are not expected to change government owing to light and transient issues. They thus both abhor extreme form of abuse and usurpations that extend for a long period. It is in this respect that they both advocate the demolishment of such governments and creation of new ones that guard their future security in a new way. However, the y differed in relation to the mention with regard to gender. While the Declaration of Independence only mentions all human beings under the general term of man, the Declaration of sentiments clearly brings out the difference between the two genders by specifically mentioning each of them where required. In addition, the latter also focuses on the suffering and treatment of mankind in general as opposed to the contribution of the government towards the suffering. This is shown in â€Å"The history of the present king of Great Britain† and the History of mankind† to illustrate and elaborate the forms of injuries and usurpations. With this, while the former highlights that the suffering of mankind has been as a result of the tyranny of Great Britain over the States through the direct establishment of certain objects, the latter reveals that the injustices have been as a result of the tyranny, which man possesses over the woman.  The emphatic aim of the declaration on sen timents to secure equal rights for all through the ending of women suffrage, therefore, became the main focus. According to the founding fathers, if the governing body was bringing about suffering to a particular group and denying them some of their rights, they were expected to do away with it and put a new one into place. With this, they would ensure that it laid its foundations on their right to happiness and safety. In contrast, Stanton finds this challenging and suggests that those who suffer under a particular government should refuse to pay allegiance to them. However, without abolishing it they should insist upon the formation of a new government that lays its foundations and principles on their â€Å"safety and happiness†.

Comprehensive Study on Big Data Technologies and Challenges

Comprehensive Study on Big Data Technologies and Challenges Abstract: Big Data is at the heart of modern science and business. Big Data has recently emerged as a new paradigm for hosting and delivering services over the Internet. It offers huge opportunities to the IT industry. Big Data has become a valuable source and mechanism for researchers to explore the value of data sets in all kinds of business scenarios and scientific investigations. New computing platforms such as Mobile Internet, Social Networks and Cloud Computing are driving the innovations of Big Data. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the concept Big Data and it tries to address various Big Data technologies, challenges ahead and possible. It also explored certain services of Big Data over traditional IT service environment including data collection, management, integration and communication Keywords— Big Data, Cloud Computing, Distributed System, Volume I. INTRODUCTION Big Data has recently reached popularity and developed into a major trend in IT. Big Data are formed on a daily bases from Earth observations, social networks, model simulations, scientific research, application analyses, and many other ways. Big Data is a data analysis methodology enabled by a new generation of technologies and architecture which support high-velocity data capture, storage, and analysis. Data sources extend beyond the traditional corporate database to include email, mobile device output, sensor-generated data, and social media output. Data are no longer restricted to structured database records but include unstructured data. Big Data requires huge amounts of storage space. A typical big data storage and analysis infrastructure will be based on clustered network-attached storage. This paper firstly defines the Big Data concept and describes its services and main characteristics. â€Å"Big Data† is a term encompassing the use of techniques to capture, process, analyze and visualize potentially large datasets in a reasonable timeframe not accessible to standard IT technologies. II. Background Need of Big Data Big Data refers to large datasets that are challenging to store, search, share, visualize, and analyze the data. In Internet the volume of data we deal with has grown to terabytes and peta bytes. As the volume of data keeps growing, the types of data generated by applications become richer than before. As a result, traditional relational databases are challenged to capture, share, analyze, and visualize data. Many IT companies attempt to manage big data challenges using a NoSQL database, such as Cassandra or HBase, and may employ a distributed computing system such as Hadoop. NoSQL databases are typically key-value stores that are non-relational, distributed, horizontally scalable, and schema-free. We need a new methodology to manage big data for maximum business value. Data storage scalability was one of the major technical issues data owners were facing. Nevertheless, a new brand of efficient and scalable technology has been incorporated and data management and storage is no longer the problem it used to be. In addition, data is constantly being generated, not only by use of internet, but also by companies generating big amounts of information coming from sensors, computers and automated processes. This phenomenon has recently accelerated further thanks to the increase of connected devices and the worldwide success of the social platforms. Significant Internet players like Google, Amazon, Face Book and Twitter were the first facing these increasing data volumes and designed ad-hoc solutions to be able to cope with the situation. Those solutions have since, partly migrated into the open source software communities and have been made publicly available. This was the starting point of the current Big Data trend as it was a relatively cheap solution f or businesses confronted with similar problems. Dimensions of Big Data Fig. 1 shows the four dimensions of Big Data. They are discussed below. Fig. 1 Dimensions of Big Data Volume refers that Big Data involves analyze huge amounts of information, typically starting at tens of terabytes. It ranges from terabytes to peta bytes and up. The noSQL database approach is a response to store and query huge volumes of data heavily distributed. Velocity refers the speed rate in collecting or acquiring or generating or processing of data. Real-time data processing platforms are now considered by global companies as a requirement to get a competitive edge. For example, the data associated with a particular hash tag on Twitter often has a high velocity. Variety describes the fact that Big Data can come from many different sources, in various formats and structures. For example, social media sites and networks of sensors generate a stream of ever-changing data. As well as text, this might include geographical information, images, videos and audio. Veracity includesknown data quality, type of data, data management maturity so that we can understand how much the data is right and accurate 000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes Big Data Model The big data model is an abstract layer used to manage the data stored in physical devices. Today we have large volumes of data with different formats stored in global devices. The big data model provides a visual way to manage data resources, and creates fundamental data architecture so that we can have more applications to optimize data reuse and reduce computing costs. Types of data The data typically categorized into three differ ­ent types – structured, unstructured and semi-structured. A structured data is well organized, there are several choices for abstract data types, and references such as relations, links and pointers are identifiable. An unstructured data may be incomplete and/or heterogeneous, and often originates from multiple sources. It is not organized in an identifiable way, and typically includes bitmap images or objects, text and other data types that are not part of a database. Semi-structured data is orga ­nized, containing tags or other markers to separate semantic elements, III. Big Data Services Big Data provides enormous number of services. This paper explained some of the important services. They are given below. Data Management and Integration An enormous volume of data in different formats, constantly being collected from sensors, is efficiently accumulated and managed through the use of technology that automatically categorizes the data for archive storage. Communication and Control This comprises three functions for exchanging data with various types of equipment over networks: communications control, equipment control and gateway management. Data Collection and Detection By applying rules to the data that is streaming in from sensors, it is possible to conduct an analysis of the current status. Based on the results, decisions can be made with navigation or other required procedures performed in real time. Data Analysis The huge volume of accumulated data is quickly analyzed using a parallel distributed processing engine to create value through the analysis of past data or through future projections or simulations. IV. BIG DATA TECHNOLOGIES Internet companies such as Google, Yahoo and Face book have been pioneers in the use of Big Data technologies and routinely store hundreds of terabytes and even peta bytes of data on their systems. There are a growing number of technologies used to aggregate, manipulate, manage, and analyze big data. This paper described some of the more prominent technologies but this list is not exhaustive, especially as more technologies continue to be developed to support Big Data techniques. They are listed below. Big Table: Proprietary distributed database system built on the Google File System. This technique is an inspiration for HBase. Business intelligence (BI): A type of application software designed to report, analyze, and present data. BI tools are often used to read data that have been previously stored in a data warehouse or data mart. BI tools can also be used to create standard reports that are generated on a periodic basis, or to display information on real-time management dashboards, i.e., integrated displays of metrics that measure the performance of a system. Cassandra: An open source database management system designed to handle huge amounts of data on a distributed system. This system was originally developed at Face book and is now managed as a project of the Apache. Cloud computing: A computing paradigm in which highly scalable computing resources, often configured as a distributed system provided as a service through a network. Data Mart: Subset of a data warehouse, used to provide data to users usually through business intelligence tools. Data Warehouse: Specialized database optimized for reporting, often used for storing large amounts of structured data. Data is uploaded using ETL (extract, transform, and load) tools from operational data stores, and reports are often generated using business intelligence tools. Distributed system: Distributed file system or network file system allows client nodes to access files through a computer network. This way a number of users working on multiple machines will be able to share files and storage resources. The client nodes will not be able to access the block storage but can interact through a network protocol. This enables a restricted access to the file system depending on the access lists or capabilities on both servers and clients which is again dependent on the protocol. Dynamo: Proprietary distributed data storage system developed by Amazon. Google File System: Proprietary distributed file system developed by Google; part of the inspiration for Hadoop3.1 Hadoop: Apache Hadoop is used to handle Big Data and Stream Computing. Its development was inspired by Google’s MapReduce and Google File System. It was originally developed at Yahoo and is now managed as a project of the Apache Software Foundation. Apache Hadoop is an open source software that enables the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of commodity servers. It can be scaled up from a single server to thousands of clients and with a very high degree of fault tolerance. HBase: An open source, free, distributed, non-relational database modeled on Google’s Big Table. It was originally developed by Powerset and is now managed as a project of the Apache Software foundation as part of the Hadoop. MapReduce: A software framework introduced by Google for processing huge datasets on certain kinds of problems on a distributed system also implemented in Hadoop. Mashup: An application that uses and combines data presentation or functionality from two or more sources to create new services. These applications are often made available on the Web, and frequently use data accessed through open application programming interfaces or from open data sources. Data Intensive Computing is a type of parallel computing application which uses a data parallel approach to process Big Data. This works based on the principle of collection of data and programs used to perform computation. Parallel and Distributed system that work together as a single integrated computing resource is used to process and analyze Big Data. IV. BIG DATA USING CLOUD COMPUTING The Big Data journey can lead to new markets, new opportunities and new ways of applying old ideas, products and technologies. Cloud Computing and Big Data share similar features such as distribution, parallelization, space-time, and being geographically dispersed. Utilizing these intrinsic features would help to provide Cloud Computing solutions for Big Data to process and obtain unique information. At the same time, Big Data create grand challenges as opportunities to advance Cloud Computing. In the geospatial information science domain, many scientists conducted active research to address urban, environment, social, climate, population, and other problems related to Big Data using Cloud Computing. V. TECHNICAL CHALLENGES Many of Big Data’s technical challenges also apply to data it general. However, Big Data makes some of these more complex, as well as creating several fresh issues. They are given below. Data Integration Organizations might also need to decide if textual data is to be handled in its native language or translated. Translation introduces considerable complexity — for example, the need to handle multiple character sets and alphabets. Further integration challenges arise when a business attempts to transfer external data to its system. Whether this is migrated as a batch or streamed, the infrastructure must be able to keep up with the speed or size of the incoming data. The IT organization must be able to estimate capacity requirements effectively. Companies such as Twitter and Face book regularly make changes to their application programming interfaces which may not necessarily be published in advance. This can result in the need to make changes quickly to ensure the data can still be accessed. Data Transformation Another challenge is data transformation .Transformation rules will be more complex between different types of system records. Organizations also need to consider which data source is primary when records conflict, or whether to maintain multiple records. Handling duplicate records from disparate systems also requires a focus on data quality. Historical Analysis Historical analysis could be concerned with data from any point in the past. That is not necessarily last week or last month — it could equally be data from 10 seconds ago. While IT professionals may be familiar with such an application its meaning can sometimes be misinterpreted by non-technical personnel encountering it. Search Searching unstructured data might return a large number of irrelevant or unrelated results. Sometimes, users need to conduct more complicated searches containing multiple options and fields. IT organizations need to ensure their solution provides the right type and variety of search interfaces to meet the business’s differing needs. And once the system starts to make inferences from data, there must also be a way to determine the value and accuracy of its choices. Data Storage As data volumes increase storage systems are becoming ever more critical. Big Data requires reliable, fast-access storage. This will hasten the demise of older technologies such as magnetic tape, but it also has implications for the management of storage systems. Internal IT may increasingly need to take a similar, commodity-based approach to storage as third-party cloud storage suppliers do today. It means removing rather than replacing individual failed components until they need to refresh the entire infrastructure. There are also challenges around how to store the data whether in a structured database or within an unstructured system or how to integrate multiple data sources. Data Integrity For any analysis to be truly meaningful it is important that the data being analyzed is as accurate, complete and up to date as possible. Erroneous data will produce misleading results and potentially incorrect insights. Since data is increasingly used to make business-critical decisions, consumers of data services need to have confidence in the integrity of the information those services are providing. Data Replication Generally, data is stored in multiple locations in case one copy becomes corrupted or unavailable. This is known as data replication. The volumes involved in a Big Data solution raise questions about the scalability of such an approach. However, Big Data technologies may take alternative approaches. For example, Big Data frameworks such as Hadoop are inherently resilient, which may mean it is not necessary to introduce another layer of replication. Data Migration When moving data in and out of a Big Data system, or migrating from one platform to another, organizations should consider the impact that the size of the data may have. To deal with data in a variety of formats, the volumes of data will often mean that it is not possible to operate on the data during a migration. Visualisation While it is important to present data in a visually meaningful form, organizations need to consider the most appropriate way to display the results of Big Data analytics so that the data does not mislead. IT should take into account the impact of visualisations on the various target devices, on network bandwidth and on data storage systems. Data Access The final technical challenge relates to controlling who can access the data, what they can access, and when. Data security and access control is vital in order to ensure data is protected. Access controls should be fine-grained, allowing organizations not only to limit access, but also to limit knowledge of its existence. Enterprises therefore need to pay attention to the classification of data. This should be designed to ensure that data is not locked away unnecessarily, but equally that it doesn’t present a security or privacy risk to any individual or company. VI. CONCLUSION This paper reviewed the technical challenges, various technologies and services of Big Data. Big Data describes a new generation of technologies and architectures, designed to economically extract value from very large volumes of a wide variety of data by enabling high-velocity capture. Linked Data databases will become more popular and could potentially push traditional relational databases to one side due to their increased speed and flexibility. This means businesses will be able to change to develop and evolve applications at a much faster rate. Data security will always be a concern, and in future data will be protected at a much more granular level than it is today. Currently Big Data is seen predominantly as a business tool. Increasingly, though, consumers will also have access to powerful Big Data applications. In a sense, they already do Google and various social media search tools. But as the number of public data sources grows and processing power becomes ever faster and c heaper, increasingly easy-to-use tools will emerge that put the power of Big Data analysis into everyone’s hands.

Digital Literacy Making Us Smarter

Technology has had its significant effects to society and it is slowly changing how people live nowadays. There is no doubt that it has made lives easier, at times simpler, but this does not mean that it always has positive outcomes. One of the examples that technology has bring about negative effects to society is how it is affecting literacy and how people appreciate reading in the traditional sense.Author Christine Rosen, in her work entitled â€Å"People of the Screen,† indicates that technology has now allowed people to replace books with electronic readers and the Internet so much so that traditional printed books might become a thing of the past. The thought of digital literacy replacing print literacy is alarming because it means depending too much on technology when the need to replace it is not that significant. While technology is definitely making people more capable, there is a question whether it does make them smarter.Screen reading is definitely different from traditional reading even though some people may agree to this. â€Å"By contrast, screen reading, a historically recent arrival, encourages a different kind of self-conception, one based on interaction and dependent on the feedback of others. It rewards participation and performance, not contemplation† (Rosen â€Å"People of the Screen†). Screen reading, thus, makes people smarter regarding technology and the different skills it needs to work.Screen reading requires people to look at monitors, push buttons, and scroll mouses over. It requires people to know how to navigate the devices, programs, or softwares to participate. â€Å"Screen reading allows you to read in a â€Å"strategic, targeted manner,† searching for particular pieces of information† (Rosen â€Å"People of the Screen†). However, there is question if this type of reading really does stimulate their minds and instills in them what they have just read on the screen.Screen reading is en tirely different from the traditional reading because it allows the reader to imagine and let his or her mind work actively while reading. â€Å"You enter the author’s world on his terms, and in so doing get away from yourself. Yes, you are powerless to change the narrative or the characters, but you become more open to the experiences of others and, importantly, open to the notion that you are not always in control† (Rosen â€Å"People of the Screen†).In addition, books enhance the readers' reading experience because it is tangible and allows the readers to turn the pages, feel its thinness or thickness, and see for themselves how far along they are from finishing it. While books are bulky, there is a great feeling of seeing them stacked together, especially in libraries, and see first-hand how much a person has collected over the years of reading. People should decide whether they want to replace digital literacy with print literacy.â€Å"Literacy, the most e mpowering achievement of our civilization, is to be replaced by a vague and ill-defined screen savvy. The paper book, the tool that built modernity, is to be phased out in favor of fractured, unfixed information. All in the name of progress† (Rosen â€Å"People of the Screen†). Digital literacy is important because of the significant role that technology is playing in people's lives today but this does not mean that it is better than the traditional way. While it makes people adapt to the changing of times, it certainly does not make them smarter or more literate.

Aging, Gender, Education And Modernization - 1866 Words

Life expectancy across the globe has increased during the last century resulting in a rise in the proportion of older population, especially in developed countries. This brings with it many challenges concerning the welfare of the elderly, as they need food, shelter, health care and security (Sung K, 2004). It becomes important to study how different cultures perceive old age as these attitudes determine behaviors towards the old (Yun and Lachman, 2006). The main objective of this literature review is to find out as to what are the perceptions about ageing in different cultures and how do they influence the treatment meted out to the older people in a society. Moreover, this review also aims to describe how these perceptions towards old†¦show more content†¦There are two aspects of old age that researchers have generally addressed, first, perceptions about getting old, second, respect for elders or how the elderly are treated in a certain culture. Studies have identified res pect as a major influence on the quality of life in old age (Sung, 2004; Yun and Lachman, 2006) both within the family and the society at large (Sung, 2004). In East Asian cultures aging is associated with a higher respect and honor in the family and the community (Sung,2004; Yun and Lachman, 2006) which derives from Confucius principles of filial piety (Sung,2004; Yun and Lachman, 2006; Sung and Dunkle,2009). However, longer life expectancy has affected these traditional cultures and as the elders become more frail and ill they are neglected and mistreated (Sung and Dunkle, 2009). Moreover, social changes in east asia have unfavourably affected the older generation (Yun and Lachman, 2006), these include urbanization, more women working outside their homes, difference in the education level of the old and the young generations, and the loss of the joint family system (Yun and Lachman, 2006). Researchers (Sung, 2004; Sung and Dunkle, 2006) also argue that it is important to find out the young adults attitudes towards the elderly in a society, as they are the ones forming the support system for the old generation. Sung (2004) explored different forms of respect for elders shown by young adults

The Color Of Our Skin Daren - 1643 Words

The color of our skin daren’t portray the lives that we live on a daily basis, that is what’s wrong with today’s society. Prior to 9/11 law enforcement officials had been using racial profiling on a daily basis in their efforts to combat crime. With the attacks on 9/11 an enemy that had previously been invisible became very much a reality. A reality that needed to be dealt with immediately using the only tools that were available at the moment. Just because racial profiling was semi-effective doesn’t make it right. It’s what makes it wrong. What is terrorism? Terrorism is the use of threat or violence especially as a means of forcing others to do what one wishes. Terrorism is real and it comes in many forms, even you may not know it is terrorism; it happens constantly all around the world every day. There are many groups that practice terrorism a few in particular that our government has to deal with on a daily basis to make sure the people in our country stay safe. Like for example the Muslims, Arabs, and Israeli have groups that are highly trained and will use deadly force no matter the computation. The tactics they use could be a lot of things for example like cyber-war, piracy and suicide. They have people literally willing to commit suicide with a bomb strapped to their chest or have a box somewhere or something just to â€Å"help their people out† they think it’s a good thing to do even if they don’t succeed in what â€Å"the mission† really was. And terrorism isn’t justShow More RelatedThe Color Of Our Skin Daren1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe color of our skin daren’t portray the lives that we live on a daily basis, that is what’s wrong with today’s society. Prior to 9/11 law enforcement officials had been using racial profiling on a daily basis in their efforts to combat crime. With the attacks on 9/11 an enemy that had previously been invisible became very much a reality. A reality that needed to be dealt with immediately using the only tools that were available at the moment. Just because racial profiling was semi-effective doesn’tRead MoreRacial Profiling Is Unfair, Ineffective, And Dangerous1467 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s society we face racial profiling every day. People judge people based on the color of their skin. A store owner assumes it’s a Hispanic that stole. A police officer pulls over mainly African Americans for traffic violations. These are all examples of racial profiling. According to oxford dictionaries.com the definition of racial profiling is: The use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of having committed an offense. Racial profiling is wrong because it is unfair, ineffectiveRead MoreRacism : Racism And Prejudice1339 Words   |  6 PagesRacism to Prejudice Racism plays a substantial part in our nations history; from slavery in the seventeenth century through the nineteenth century, to segregation in the early 1900s. The extreme racism of those days are long gone, and continue to just be a memory of the past. Although, prejudice still exists and it always will, because our brains are hardwired to prefer one race to another. That being said; a white person that grows up in an all white neighborhood who also attends an all-white schoolRead MoreStereotypes And Caricatures : The Film Ethnic Notions1445 Words   |  6 Pagesfrustrations out on him. In the movie she has a hard time finding a partner as a result of her behavior (Ngobili). To sum it all up stereotype roles played by black women on television shows you how generalized and acceptable sapphire has become in our society. This indicates the huge responsibilities the media has. Throughout this class there have many several incidences which the white majority have shown their dominance over black minority. Whites have always considered African American as savages The Color Of Our Skin Daren - 1643 Words The color of our skin daren’t portray the lives that we live on a daily basis, that is what’s wrong with today’s society. Prior to 9/11 law enforcement officials had been using racial profiling on a daily basis in their efforts to combat crime. With the attacks on 9/11 an enemy that had previously been invisible became very much a reality. A reality that needed to be dealt with immediately using the only tools that were available at the moment. Just because racial profiling was semi-effective doesn’t make it right. It’s what makes it wrong. What is terrorism? Terrorism is the use of threat or violence especially as a means of forcing others to do what one wishes. Terrorism is real and it comes in many forms, even you may not know it is†¦show more content†¦And with the politicians or military they don’t see it as terrorism they see it as getting the job done no matter what. They’ll target certain race or ethnic groups they think are â€Å"sketchy† have them under surveillance see what they are up to and take every precaution to make sure nothing comes over seas to have any harm or damage done to our country. And it is hard to target certain minority groups sometimes they know exactly what’s going on, so they will set up other groups to make it look like it is their doing but in all reality it is that group that is causing all the trouble. Ways our government has used race or ethnicity to detain individuals. In the interest of National Security after 9/11 the Bush Administration, detained over 700 foreign nationals, not because of their individualized suspicions, but because they were Arabic and or Muslim. Over 5000 persons that had entered the United States legally, 2 years prior to November 2001, that had come into our country legally from countries that had been linked to terrorism. Interviews were being conducted on these 5000 individuals that were targeted because of their race and religious beliefs. The age range predetermined for these 5000 individuals was 18 to 33 years of age, the age of range was set in play November 2001 by order of Attorney General Ashcroft, completely based on ethnicity. In 2003 guidelines were set for the use of race in criminal